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Udawalawe National Park, a well-known sanctuary for wildlife in Sri Lanka, is not only famous for its large elephant population but also as an exceptional bird-watching destination. Located in the dry zone of southern Sri Lanka, Udawalawe boasts over 200 species of birds, including a mix of endemic, migratory, and resident species. Whether you’re a seasoned bird watcher or a beginner, the park’s diverse habitats, ranging from wetlands and grasslands to dry forests, make it one of the best places in Sri Lanka to observe both common and rare bird species in their natural environment.
In this guide, we’ll explore the top bird species to spot, the best times to visit, and how to make the most of your bird-watching experience in Udawalawe National Park.
Safari Experiences That Keep Tourists Coming Back
Udawalawe National Park’s varied landscapes provide habitats for a wide range of bird species. The park’s wetlands, grasslands, rivers, and dry forests attract different types of birds, from waterfowl to raptors, and from migratory species to endemic birds.
Wetlands are home to waterfowl like herons, egrets, and kingfishers.
Grasslands offer open spaces for ground birds such as the Indian Peafowl and Red-wattled Lapwing.
Forests and riverine areas provide shelter for woodpeckers, parakeets, and flycatchers.
With such diverse habitats, it’s no surprise that Udawalawe is a haven for bird enthusiasts.
One of the biggest attractions for bird watchers visiting Udawalawe is the chance to see endemic species—birds that are native to Sri Lanka and not found anywhere else in the world. Additionally, the park serves as an important stop for migratory birds traveling along the East Asia-Australasia Flyway, making it a hotspot for bird migration.
Here are some of the most notable birds you can expect to see while bird watching at Udawalawe National Park:
Endemic: This brightly colored bird is Sri Lanka’s national bird and can be spotted in the park’s grasslands and open forests. The Sri Lanka Junglefowl is a proud member of the pheasant family and exhibits brilliant hues of red, orange, and green.
This impressive stork can be spotted in the wetlands of the park. With its large size and striking appearance, the lesser adjutant stork is a fascinating bird to watch. Look out for them wading through the park’s rivers, feeding on fish and amphibians.
Resident: A majestic bird of prey, the White-bellied Sea Eagle can often be seen soaring over the park’s Udawalawe Reservoir. With its impressive wingspan and striking white underbelly, it’s one of the top raptors to spot in the park.
Endemic: This vibrant bird is easy to spot with its distinctive red face and greenish plumage. It often frequents the forested areas of Udawalawe, and spotting one of these elusive birds is a treat for any bird watcher.
Endemic: As the name suggests, the Ceylon Grey Hornbill is a bird found only in Sri Lanka. This bird is known for its large, curved beak and can be found in the forested areas of Udawalawe, particularly in the early mornings.
Migratory: The Black-crowned Night Heron is often spotted near the wetlands of Udawalawe, especially during the cooler evening hours. With its unique nocturnal behavior, it’s an exciting bird to spot during early morning or dusk safaris.
Resident: The brilliant blue and orange Common Kingfisher can be spotted near the park’s streams and rivers. This small but colorful bird hunts for fish and makes a striking image against the backdrop of the park’s waterways.
Often seen in the park’s grasslands and forest edges, the Indian Peafowl, or peacock, is famous for its vibrant tail feathers. This iconic bird is a sight to behold, particularly when it displays its feathers.
Endemic: This nocturnal bird is often spotted resting during the day on tree branches. Its camouflaged plumage helps it blend in with the environment, making it a thrilling bird to find during a safari.
This tall, elegant bird can often be seen stalking through the wetlands in search of fish. The Purple Heron is a migratory species that adds to the diversity of Udawalawe’s bird population.
The best time for bird watching in Udawalawe is during the dry season, from March to September, when the birds are more likely to congregate around water sources like Udawalawe Reservoir and Rivers. This is also the time when migratory birds arrive, adding to the diversity of species in the park.
Early mornings and late afternoons are ideal for bird watching, as these are the times when birds are most active.
The migratory season (from November to February) is another excellent time to visit if you want to see a wide range of species.
Bring binoculars: To fully appreciate the birds and their natural behaviors, binoculars are a must. You’ll get a better view of distant birds in the park’s expansive landscape.
Hire an experienced guide: Local bird guides are invaluable when it comes to spotting elusive species. Their knowledge of bird calls and habits will significantly enhance your experience.
Dress appropriately: Wear neutral-colored, lightweight clothing to blend into the surroundings. Avoid bright colors that may disturb the birds.
Stay quiet: Birds can be easily startled, so maintain a quiet and respectful demeanor while watching them.
Udawalawe National Park is easily accessible from Colombo, Ratnapura, and Ella.
By Car: A 4-hour drive from Colombo or 1.5 hours from Ella.
By Public Transport: You can take a bus or train to Ratnapura or Balangoda, and then hire a taxi or tuk-tuk to reach the park.
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